In lieu of this requirement the same information may be contained on a nameplate permanently attached to the hose. working pressure. Size of discharge lines from safety valves shall not be smaller than the nominal size of the safety-relief valve outlet connection. All containers shall be equipped with vapor return valves. Ammonia refrigeration is addressed in OSHA standards for general industry. Note that this standard does not constitute a comprehensive detailed The connections and line including valves and fittings being protected by an excess flow valve shall have a greater capacity than the rated flow of the excess flow valve so that the valve will close in case of failure of the line or fittings. Ammonia gas, nitrogen, methane, or other inert gases can be used to provide a pad. Excess flow valves shall be designed with a bypass, not to exceed a No. The minimum design pressure for containers shall be that specified in the regulations of the DOT. Containers exceeding 36 inches in diameter or 250 gallons water capacity shall be constructed to comply with one or more of the following: Containers shall be stress relieved after fabrication in accordance with the Code, or, Cold-form heads when used, shall be stress relieved, or. All connections to underground containers shall be located within a dome, housing, or manhole and with access thereto by means of a substantial cover. Every full trailer shall be equipped with self-energizing brakes. The valve or valve installation shall provide weather protection. A suitable "hold down" device shall be provided which will anchor the container to the vehicle at one or more places on each side of the container. Excess flow valves where required by these standards shall close automatically at the rated flows of vapor or liquid as specified by the manufacturer. All manholes or housings shall be provided with ventilated louvers or their equivalent, the area of such openings equaling or exceeding combined discharge areas of safety-relief valves and vent lines which discharge their content into the manhole housing. Ammonia Refrigeration’s (IIAR’s) Process Safety Management Guidelines for Ammonia Refrigeration and the IIAR’s Risk Management Program Guidelines for Ammonia Refrigeration address the additional requirements needed to meet United States regulations. Compressors shall have pressure gages at suction and discharge graduated to at least one and one-half times the maximum pressure that can be developed. Stationary storage installations must have at least two suitable gas masks in readily-accessible locations. Stationary storage installations shall have an easily accessible shower or a 50-gallon drum of water. Safety Standards for Ammonia Refrigeration (PDF) (2 pp, 157 K) With the design pressure in pounds per square inch. Secure anchorage or adequate pier height shall be provided against container flotation wherever sufficiently high flood water might occur. The separator shall be equipped with a drain and gaging device. Ammonia is a commonly used chemical in commercial and household cleaners. Among the requirements: F. shall be supported in such a way, or heat shall be supplied, to prevent the effects of freezing and consequent frost heaving. Such hose shall be equipped with approved shutoff valves at the discharge end. That portion of the container in contact with foundations or saddles shall be protected against corrosion. We offer both computer simulations and live release response drills to further instill the need for a solid ammonia hazard plan and fast reaction to incidents.All of our courses are in accordance with OSHA Standard 1910.120 (q) requirements. Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Storage areas shall be kept free of readily ignitable materials such as waste, weeds, and long dry grass. Each filling connection shall be provided with combination back-pressure check valve and excess-flow valve; one double or two single back-pressure check valves; or a positive shutoff valve in conjunction with either an internal back-pressure check valve or an internal excess flow valve. The standard applies to the storage or possession of FGAN in all industries except transportation and U.S. Coast Guard-regulated facilities. Openings from the container or through fittings attached directly on the container to which pressure gage connections are made need not be equipped with excess flow valves if such openings are not larger than No. [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas. Fittings shall be adequately protected from damage by a metal box or cylinder with open top securely fastened to the container or by rigid guards, well braced, welded to the container on both sides of the fittings or by a metal dome. Many of the requirements of the Process Safety Management Standard, 29 CFR 1910.119, are identified in this eTool as possible controls, and are useful as recommended practices, whether or not the ammonia refrigeration system is a covered process. There shall appear on each side and on the rear end of the container in letters at least 4 inches high, the words, "Caution - Ammonia" or the container shall be marked in accordance with DOT regulations. NIOSH indicated its agreement … Refrigeration plants where ammonia is used solely as a refrigerant. Back slippage shall also be prevented by proper methods. Ammonia is considered a high health hazard because it is corrosive to the skin, eyes, and lungs. Containers with a design pressure exceeding 15 p.s.i.g. Fixed tube liquid-level gages shall be designed and installed to indicate that level at which the container is filled to 85 percent of its water capacity in gallons. ; Immediately Dangerous to LIfe or Health (IDLH) Value of ammonia– NIOSH reviews scientific data and researches methods for developing IDLH values. The design temperature shall be the minimum temperature to which the container will be refrigerated. Although the loa… When transporting anhydrous ammonia, be sure to adhere to the following precautions and safety rules: Running Gear: Regularly inspect the wagon’s frame tongue, reach poles, anchor devices, wheel bearings, knuckles, ball joints, and pins for structural damage and wear and make necessary repairs and adjustments. However ammonia is a hazardous chemical, and, without proper safety procedures, ammonia leaks in the workplace can endanger workers and even the public. Brass, copper, or galvanized steel pipe shall not be used. The rate of the discharge shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table H-36. F. except on containers provided with fixed level indicators, such as fixed length dip tubes, or containers that are filled with weight. For example, this means you can be exposed to 100 ppm for 4 hours of your shift as long as you are not exposed to any ammonia for the other 4 hours of your work day. Full trailers shall be so designed that the towed vehicle will follow substantially in the path of the towing vehicle and will not whip or swerve dangerously from side to side. Safety-relief valves shall have direct communication with the vapor space of the container. To improve the safety of ammonia refrigeration piping and system components, the International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration (IIAR) has a guideline for labeling them: Bulletin No. Relief valves for refrigerated storage containers shall be self-contained spring-loaded, weight-loaded, or self-contained pilot-operated type. See EPA’s About PDF page to learn more. For the purposes of this paragraph (b)(1), the word "listed" means that equipment is of a kind mentioned in a list which is published by a nationally recognized laboratory which makes periodic inspection of the production of such equipment, and states such equipment meets nationally recognized standards or has been tested and found safe for use in a specified manner. shall be connected between the compressor discharge and the discharge shutoff valve. Ammonia Awareness Program - ISNetworld RAVS Section - US. Provides guidance for evaluating and controlling hazards in the workplace. With the wall thickness of the shell and heads. Containers shall be supported on suitable noncombustible foundations designed to accommodate the type of container being used. Specifically, this PSM standard is applicable to ammonia manufacturers and facilities with large ammonia refrigeration systems; it does not apply to retail facilities. What OSHA standards and exposure guidelines apply to ammonia refrigerant? With the maximum level to which the container may be filled with liquid anhydrous ammonia. All containers shall be equipped with a fixed liquid-level gage. If vent lines are installed to conduct the vapors from the relief valve, the back pressure under full relieving conditions shall not exceed 50 percent of the start-to-discharge pressure for pressure balanced valves or 10 percent of the start-to-discharge pressure for conventional valves. Each compressor shall have its individual driving unit. Containers shall be located outside of buildings or in buildings or sections thereof especially provided for this purpose. It is a custom-designed and custom-built unit, which no nationally recognized testing laboratory, or Federal, State, municipal or local authority responsible for the enforcement of a Federal, State, municipal, or local law, code or regulation pertaining to the storage, transportation and use of anhydrous ammonia is willing to undertake to accept, certify, list, label or determine to be safe, and the employer has on file a document attesting to its safe condition following the conduct of appropriate tests. Ammonia refrigeration is addressed in OSHA standards for general industry. "The rate of discharge may be interpolated for intermediate values of surface area. The minimum design pressure for containers shall be 250 p.s.i.g. (b) Refrigeration plants where ammonia is used solely as a … 29 CFR 1910.145(f)(3) is OSHA’s rule for when and where signs should be placed within a facility. Easily liquefied under pressure.] Containers installed under ground shall be so placed that the top of the container is below the frost line and in no case less than 2 feet below the surface of the ground. Hose and hose connections located on the low-pressure side of flow control of pressure-reducing valves shall be designed for a bursting pressure of not less than 5 times the pressure setting of the safety relief devices protecting that portion of the system but not less than 125 p.s.i.g. Anhydrous ammonia, Aqua ammonia, Aqueous ammonia [Note: Often used in an aqueous solution.] No excess flow valve is required in the liquid withdrawal line provided the controlling orifice between the contents of the container and the outlet of the shutoff valve does not exceed seven-sixteenths inch in diameter. Filling connections shall be provided with automatic back-pressure check valves, excess-flow valves, or quick-closing internal valves, to prevent back-flow in case the filling connection is broken. F. With the total outside surface area of the container in square feet. Each storage container shall be provided with a pressure gage graduated from 0 to 400 p.s.i. Compressors used for transferring or refrigerating ammonia shall be recommended for ammonia service by the manufacturer. "Labeled" means there is attached to it a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory which, makes periodic inspections of the production of such equipment, and whose labeling indicates compliance with nationally recognized standards or tests to determine safe use in a specified manner. Such pipe shall be at least schedule 80 when joints are threaded. Filling compressors may be used as standby equipment for holding compressors. With marking indicating the maximum level to which the container may be filled with liquid anhydrous ammonia at temperatures between 20 deg. F. to 220 deg. The odor is the strongest safety feature of the product. Compressors shall be equipped with manually operated shutoff valves on both suction and discharge connections. Hose assemblies, when made up, shall be capable of withstanding a test pressure of 500 p.s.i.g. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. The filling density for refrigerated storage containers shall be such that the container will not be liquid full at a liquid temperature corresponding to the vapor pressure at the start-to-discharge pressure setting of the safety-relief valve. Containers for product storage at less than 32 deg. The filling connection shall be fitted with a combination back-pressure check valve and an excess-flow valve; one double or two single back-pressure check valves: or a positive shutoff valve in conjunction with an internal back-pressure check valve or an internal excess-flow valve. The rate of discharge of spring-loaded safety relief valves installed on underground containers may be reduced to a minimum of 30 percent of the rate of discharge specified in Table H-36. A hydrostatic relief valve shall be installed between each pair of valves in the liquid ammonia piping or hose where liquid may be trapped so as to relieve into the atmosphere at a safe location. All piping, tubing, and fittings shall be made of material suitable for anhydrous ammonia service. F. and 130 deg. Related NIOSH Resources. Permanent storage containers shall be located at least 50 feet from a dug well or other sources of potable water supply, unless the container is a part of a water-treatment installation. Containers shall be gaged and charged only in the open atmosphere or in buildings or areas thereof provided for that purpose. All automatic controls shall be installed in a manner to preclude operation of alternate compressors unless the controls will function with the alternate compressors. Any portion of liquid ammonia piping which at any time may be closed at both ends shall be provided with a hydrostatic relief valve. Containers built according to the Code do not have to comply with Paragraphs UG125 to UG128 inclusive, and Paragraphs UG132 and UG133 of the Code. Plant piping shall contain shutoff valves located as close as practical to pump connections. Threaded connections shall not be back-welded. Gaging devices shall have a design pressure equal to or greater than the design pressure of the container on which they are installed. Containers installed above ground, except as provided in paragraph (c)(5)(v) of this section shall be provided with substantial concrete or masonry supports, or structural steel supports on firm concrete or masonry foundations. Anhydrous ammonia is a clear, colorless gas at standard temperature and pressure conditions and has a very characteristic odor. All connections to containers except safety relief devices, gaging devices, or those fitted with No. "Design pressure" is identical to the term "Maximum Allowable Working Pressure" used in the Code. In addition to the Process Safety Management Standard (PSM), there is another OSHA regulation for anhydrous ammonia. Farm vehicles shall conform with State regulations. Containers used with systems covered in paragraph (e) of this section shall be constructed and tested in accordance with the DOT specifications. Any pump, except a constant speed centrifugal pump, shall be equipped with a suitable pressure actuated bypass valve permitting flow from discharge to suction when the discharge pressure rises above a predetermined point. Containers with foundations attached (portable or semiportable tank containers with suitable steel "runners" or "skids" and commonly known in the industry as "skid tanks") shall be designed and constructed in accordance with paragraph (c)(1) of this section. Cast iron fittings shall not be used but this shall not prohibit the use of fittings made specifically for ammonia service of malleable, nodular, or high strength gray iron meeting American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) A47-68, ASTM 395-68, or ASTM A126-66 Class B or C, all of which re incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6. Safety relief devices used in systems covered by paragraphs (c), (f), (g), and (h) of this section shall be constructed to discharge at not less than the rates required in paragraph (b)(9)(i) of this section before the pressure is in excess of 120 percent (not including the 10 percent tolerance referred to in paragraph (b)(9)(ii) of this section) of the maximum permitted start-to-discharge pressure setting of the device. Fortunately, ammonia has a low odor threshold (20 ppm), so most people will seek relief at much lower concentrations. Arrange ammonia standards in sampler in order of decreasing concentration of nitrogen. Gaging devices that require bleeding of the product to the atmosphere such as the rotary tube, fixed tube, and slip tube devices shall be designed so that the maximum opening of the bleed valve is not larger than No. If a liquid withdrawal line is installed in the bottom of a container, the connections thereto, including hose, shall not be lower than the lowest horizontal edge of the vehicle axle. The Anhydrous Ammonia Standard (29 CFR 1910.111) addresses the storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia. When containers are mounted on four-wheel trailers, care shall be taken to insure that the weight is distributed evenly over both axles. This standard is intended to apply to the design, construction, location, installation, and operation of anhydrous ammonia systems including refrigerated ammonia storage systems. All containers with a capacity exceeding 250 gallons shall be equipped with a pressure gage having a dial graduated from 0-400 p.s.i. All liquid and vapor connections to containers except filling pipes, safety relief connections, and liquid-level gaging and pressure gage connections provided with orifices not larger than No. The OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Anhydrous Ammonia is 50 parts per million (ppm) or 35 milligrams (mg)/cubic meter (m. 3). Liquid-level gaging devices that require bleeding of the product to the atmosphere and which are so constructed that outward flow will not exceed that passed by a No. Pipe shall be Schedule 80. All containers shall be equipped for spray loading (filling in the vapor space) or with an approved vapor return valve of adequate capacity. Piping used on non-refrigerated systems shall be at least American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) A-53-69 Grade B Electric Resistance Welded and Electric Flash Welded Pipe, which is incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6, or equal. At a concentration of only 50 parts per million (ppm), one sniff tells what is in the air. All appurtenances shall be protected against physical damage. Provision shall be made to prevent excessive pressure in the hose. OSHA has no “agricultural nutrient” exemption. The maximum allowable water level to which the container may be filled for test purposes. The REP, effective October 1, 2018, covers the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas in… The document shall be signed by a registered professional engineer or other person having special training or experience sufficient to permit him to form an opinion as to safety of the unit involved. If the pressure setting adjustment is external, the relief valves shall be provided with means for sealing the adjustment. Signs shall be of metal or other suitable material, at least 12 by 15 inches in size and bear the words "STOP - Tank Car Connected" or "STOP - Men at Work" the word, "STOP," being in letters at least 4 inches high and the other words in letters at least 2 inches high. Underground containers shall be set on a firm foundation (firm earth may be used) and surrounded with earth or sand well tamped in place. The distance between underground containers of over 2,000 gallons capacity shall be at least 5 feet. 1910.111 - Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia. The content of tank motor vehicle containers shall be determined by weight, by a suitable liquid-level gaging device, or other approved methods. Marking the container. Joint compounds shall be resistant to ammonia. This document describes key safety measures that should be in place at any ammonia refrigeration facility. IIAR 6 establishes the minimum requirements for inspection, testing, and maintenance … On all hose one-half inch outside diameter and larger, used for the transfer of anhydrous ammonia liquid or vapor, there shall be etched, cast,or impressed at 5-foot intervals the following information. All foundations shall extend below the frost line. An emergency alarm and shutoff shall be located in the condenser system to respond to excess discharge pressure caused by failure of the cooling medium. All appurtenances shall be fabricated from materials proved suitable for anhydrous ammonia service. They shall be shielded against the direct rays of the sun. All gaging devices shall be arranged so that the maximum liquid level to which the container is filled is readily determined. There is no threshold quantity in the Anhydrous Ammonia Standard. Regulating equipment not so installed shall be flexibly connected to the container shutoff valve. Backflow check valves or properly sized excess flow valves shall be installed where necessary to provide such protection. "Certified" means it has been tested and found by a nationally recognized testing laboratory to meet nationally recognized standards or to be safe for use in a specified manner, or is of a kind whose production is periodically inspected by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, and it bears a label, tag, or other record of certification. Compressors shall be designed for at least 250 p.s.i.g. If the system contains more than 10,000 pounds (lbs.) Containers shall be charged or used only upon authorization of the owner. Full-face masks with ammonia canisters that have been approved by NIOSH under 42 CFR part 84 are suitable for emergency action involving most anhydrous ammonia leaks, particularly leaks that occur outdoors. Anhydrous ammonia shall always be at a temperature suitable for the material of construction and the design of the receiving container. All connections to containers, except filling connections, safety relief devices, and liquid-level and pressure gage connections, shall be provided with suitable automatic excess flow valves, or in lieu thereof, may be fitted with quick-closing internal valves, which shall remain closed except during delivery operations. The container thus coated shall be so lowered into place as to prevent abrasion or other damage to the coating. Welding to the shell, head, or any other part of the container subject to internal pressure shall be done in compliance with the Code. Containers with a design pressure of 15 p.s.i.g. The flow capacity of the relief valve shall not be restricted by any connection to it on either the upstream or downstream side. Pumps used for transferring ammonia shall be those manufactured for that purpose. The previous OSHA sampling procedure for ammonia involved the use of a midget fritted glass bubbler containing 0.1 N sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) (8.1, 8.2). It can explode if released in an enclosed space with a source of ignition present, or if a vessel containing anhydrous ammonia is exposed to fire. The Dangers of Ammonia Aboveground uninsulated containers may be charged 87.5 percent by volume provided the temperature of the anhydrous ammonia being charged is determined to be not lower than 30 deg. The shell or head thickness of any container shall not be less than three-sixteenths inch. In industry, ammonia is used in petroleum refining, to manufacture pharmaceuticals, to disinfect water, and as a refrigerant. Suitable provision shall be made for draining condensate which may accumulate in the discharge pipe. This Ammonia Awareness Program (ISNetworld® RAVS®* Section), in addition to being a complete and functioning written safety program (chapter), it also contains all the required text elements that are sought by the ISNetworld RAVS® (Review And Verification Service) reviewer.This plan has been previously submitted and has achieved … A suitable "stop" or "stops" shall be mounted on the vehicle or on the container in such a way that the container shall not be dislodged from its mounting due to the vehicle coming to a sudden stop. The control mechanism for such valves may be provided with a secondary control remote from the delivery connections and such control mechanism shall be provided with a fusible section (melting point 208 deg. "Farm vehicle" (implement of husbandry) - A vehicle for use on a farm on which is mounted a container of not over 1,200 gallons water capacity. OSHA’s former exposure limit for ammonia was 50 ppm as an 8-hour TWA. Each container except those filled by weight shall be equipped with an approved liquid-level gaging device. Provides links and references to additional resources related to ammonia refrigeration. Protective measures are needed to ensure the safety of those working with NH3 and any people who live, work, or otherwise are near NH3. 54 drill size. OSHA’s AN standard. For the purposes of this paragraph (b)(1), refer to 1910.7 for definition of nationally recognized testing laboratory. Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for ammonia is 300 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Henderson and Haggard 1943; Silverman et al. Positive displacement pumps shall have, installed off the discharged port, a constant differential relief valve discharging into the suction port of the pump through a line of sufficient size to carry the full capacity of the pump at relief valve setting, which setting and installation shall be according to the pump manufacturer's recommendations. If the relieving capacity required for fire exposure is greater than that required by (a) of this subdivision, the additional capacity may be provided by weak roof to shell seams in containers operating at essentially atmospheric pressure and having an inherently weak roof-to-shell seam. In agriculture, ammonia can be used for crop processing, fertilizers, or as an anti-fungal treatment for citrus. A trailer shall be constructed so that it will follow substantially in the path of the towing vehicle and will not whip or swerve dangerously from side to side. It involves the use of a liquid which if spilled may be irritating to the skin or may damage sampling pumps. OSHA proposed to revise this limit to 25 ppm TWA and to add a 35-ppm 15-minute STEL, based on the limits established by the ACGIH. Colorless gas with a pungent, suffocating odor. All container openings, except safety relief valves, liquid-level gaging devices, and pressure gages, shall be labeled to designate whether they communicate with liquid or vapor space. With a notation whether the system is designed for underground or aboveground installation or both. When the cradle and the tank are not welded together suitable material shall be used between them to eliminate metal-to-metal friction. Containers once installed under ground shall not later be reinstalled above ground or under ground, unless they successfully withstand hydrostatic pressure retests at the pressure specified for the original hydrostatic test as required by the code under which constructed and show no evidence of serious corrosion. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. The provisions of subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall not be construed as prohibiting the continued use or reinstallation of containers constructed and maintained in accordance with the 1949, 1950, 1952, 1956, 1959, and 1962 editions of the Code or any revisions thereof in effect at the time of fabrication. Tubing made of brass, copper, or other material subject to attack by ammonia shall not be used. Pumps shall be designed for at least 250 p.s.i.g. For requirements covering farm vehicles, refer to paragraphs (g) and (h) of this section. ammonia, OSHA, including OSHA Ammonia Sign ODE-38000, Portrait OSHA Anhydrous Ammonia Sign With Symbol ODEP-1270-R US-made signs and labels It will not be necessary to cover the portion of the container to which manhole and other connections are affixed. 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