Originating in the first half of the 16th century, it contains within its 90 pages many different sheets with recordings of the legal, geographic, historical, and institutional information of the Kingdom of Portugal. The arrival of an Abyssinian envoy at Manuel’s court in 1514 suggested an alliance with the Christian negus (king) of that country, and Manuel appointed Galvão ambassador to Abyssinia. John II had cowed the ambitious nobles. His three queens were Spanish. Beginning on the 4th of December, Manuel began displaying symptoms of an intense fever, which incapacitated Manuel by the 11th. The son of the Duke of Viseu, Manuel was born on May 31, 1469, at Alcochete. His older brother Di… He resided chiefly at Lisbon, where he built the waterside palace (near the present-day Terreiro do Paço), and at Sintra. But the monarchy soon acquired vast new wealth as Vasco da Gama’s voyage around Africa opened Portuguese trade with the East. In December 1521, while Lisbon was dealing with an outbreak of the Black Plague, Manuel and his court were quarantined inside Ribeira Palace. Manuel also endeavoured to promote another crusade against the Turks. He reformed the courts of justice and the municipal charters with the crown, modernizing taxes and the concepts of tributes and rights. Although it was a Spanish expedition, Magellan’s … The Brazilian coast was explored, though trade was virtually confined to the dyewood (brazilwood [Caesalpinia echinata], called pau-brasil in Portuguese) after which Brazil is named. The playwright-goldsmith Gil Vicente wrote for the court, which became a centre of minor poetry and painting. His older brother Diogo, the duke of Viseu, was murdered by the king himself. He married Maria of Aragon (1482-1517) 30 October 1500 JL. In 1504, Pope Julius II approved King Manuel I’s request for a feast day dedicated to the Custodian Angel of the Kingdom of Portugal. Manuel would prove a worthy successor to his cousin John II for his support of Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic Ocean and development of Portuguese commerce. But John extended his protection to the boy Manuel, making him Duke of Beja. During his reign, the following was achieved: * 1498 — Vasco da Gama discovers the maritime route to India …Afonso extended Kongo’s relations with Portugal, reaching an agreement (the Regimento, 1512) with Manuel I of Portugal by which the Kongo accepted Portuguese institutions, granted extraterritorial rights to Portuguese subjects, and supplied slaves to Portuguese traders. His remains were transferred to Jerónimos Monastery only in 1551, along with his second wife Maria of Aragon. Works . Two of their sons later became kings of Portugal. He was the cousin and brother-in-law of King John II of Portugal. His name is associated with a period of Portuguese history distinguished by significant achievements both in … This period of time technically ended the presence of Jews in Portugal. [4] However, those expelled could only leave the country in ships specified by the king. Manuel I (1469-1521) was king of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. Although he later contemplated legitimizing his remaining son, Jorge, he finally left the crown to Manuel. As king (from 1495), Manuel at once pardoned the banished Braganças and restored their confiscated estates. Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1862", Infanta Isabel, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Spain, Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal and Asturias, Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Portugal and Asturias, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manuel_I_of_Portugal&oldid=998510211, Portuguese exploration in the Age of Discovery, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, King of Portugal from 1521 until 1557. Please add the titles of works by this author, by clicking "Edit". Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Manuel sent Dom Francisco de Almeida as the first viceroy of Portuguese India in 1505. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. In 1495, Manuel succeeded his first cousin, King John II of Portugal, who was also his brother-in-law, as husband to Manuel's sister, Eleanor of Viseu. Manuel began the Portuguese colonization of the Americas and Portuguese India, and oversaw the establishment of a vast trade empire across Africa and Asia. In 1502 da Gama took 20 ships and brought back gold as tribute from East Africa. Manuel next married Eleonore of Austria on 16 Jul 1518. Manuel established the Casa da Índia, a royal institution that managed Portugal's monopolies and its imperial expansion, and he financed numerous famed Portuguese navigators, including Pedro Álvares Cabral (who discovered Brazil), Afonso de Albuquerque (who established Portuguese hegemony in the Indian Ocean), and João Vaz Corte-Real (who discovered Newfoundland in Canada), among numerous others. In 1515 Manuel ordered his council to revise the code of laws: his Ordenações Manuelinas were issued in 1512 and revised in 1521. Manuel I "the Fortunate" of Portugal (31 May 1469-13 December 1521) was King of Portugal from 25 October 1495 to 13 December 1521, succeeding Joao II and preceding Joao III.. Manuel I of Portugal, the diurnal South-western quadrant, consisting of the 7th, 8th and 9th houses, prevails in your chart: this sector brings about a thirst for communication and sometimes a need to take risks in your dealings with others. Most of the heroes of the day had made their mark under John II. Manuel I , known as the Fortunate (Portuguese: O Venturoso), was King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. But the mission was delayed by Galvão’s death, and the crusading vision faded with the death of Albuquerque off Goa (December 1515). Whom did Magellan approach after King Manuel I of Portugal refused to support his proposed voyage?"...1. Relations are a factor of your evolution and your transformation, which you accept serenely. 1503–1515 – The establishment of monopolies on maritime trade routes (mare clausum) to the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf by Afonso de Albuquerque. His older brother Diogo, Duke of Viseu, was stabbed to death in 1484 by the king himself. Manuel I, the Fortunate, 14th king of Portugal and the Algarves. Manuel's reign was most notable for the successful continuation of Portugal's overseas enterprises. [3] Maria died in 1517 but the two sisters were survived by an older sister, Joanna of Castile, who was born in 1479 and had married the Archduke Philip (Maximilian I's son) and had a son, Charles V who would eventually inherit Spain and the Habsburg possessions. Manuel II of Portugal was born in Portugal on Friday, November 15, 1889 (G.I. In December 1496, it was decreed that all Jews either convert to Christianity or leave the country without their children. When those who chose expulsion arrived at the port in Lisbon, they were met by clerics and soldiers who tried to use coercion and promises in order to baptize them and prevent them from leaving the country. Manuel I (31 May 1469 – 13 December 1521), the Fortunate (Port. All these events made Portugal wealthy from foreign trade as it formally established a vast overseas empire. Manuel I, the Fortunate, 14th king of Portugal and the Algarves. Pope Leo X received a monumental embassy from Portugal during his reign designed to draw attention to Portugal's newly acquired riches to all of Europe.[3]. 1501 – The discovery of Labrador by Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real. Manuel I (European Portuguese: [mɐnuˈɛɫ]; 31 May 1469 – 13 December 1521), known as the Fortunate (Portuguese: O Venturoso), was King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. 1893 (Eleonore of Austria was born on 15 Nov 1498 in Louvain, Brabant, Belgium 1893 and died on 25 Feb 1558 1893 .) His coffin was buried by four of the most prominent nobles of the kingdom, the Duke of Braganza, the Duke of Coimbra, and the Marquis of Vila Real, in a private ceremony attended only by the royal family and the Portuguese nobility. There, he presented his proposal for visiting the Spice Islands. Manuel I became the first individual to receive more than one Golden Rose after Emperor Sigismund von Luxembourg. Manuel was fortunate to have reigned at all; he was the ninth child of Dom Fernando, who was the younger brother of Afonso V. Manuel’s father died a year after Manuel was born. Manuel I (1469-1521) was king of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. The Linked Data Service provides access to commonly found standards and vocabularies promulgated by the Library of Congress. Charles I of Spain 4. Manuel also excepted the church and the military orders of knighthood from certain obligations. [1] As a result of this stroke of luck, Manuel was nicknamed the Fortunate, and succeeded on John's death in 1495. He severely punished those responsible for the massacre of Jews in 1506. Manuel I of Portugal - Biography. Afonso de Albuquerque, who succeeded Almeida as governor, conquered Goa in 1510 and Malacca on the Malay Peninsula in 1511, bringing the distribution of oriental spices under Portuguese control. Manuel's mother was the granddaughter of King John I of Portugal; his father, Infante Fernando, was the second surviving son of King Edward of Portugal and the younger brother of King Afonso V of Portugal. Thus in December 1496 Manuel ordered Jews and free Muslims to quit Portugal within 10 months. The capture of Malacca in modern-day Malaysia in 1511 was the result of a plan by Manuel I to thwart the Muslim trade in the Indian Ocean by capturing Aden, blocking trade through Alexandria, capturing Ormuz to block trade through the Persian Gulf and Beirut, and capturing Malacca to control trade with China.[2]. A committee of royal officials revised town charters granted by previous rulers, standardized local privileges, and rationalized taxes. Commercial treaties and diplomatic alliances were forged with Ming dynasty of China and the Persian Safavid dynasty. The son of the Duke of Viseu, Manuel was born on May 31, 1469, at Alcochete. He was aware of many people being killed and exiled. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. As a condition of the marriage, Manuel was to expel the Jews, many thousands of whom had been admitted by John II on their expulsion from Spain in 1492. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portugal, as monarch.Manuel ruled over a period of intensive expansion of the Portuguese Empire owing to the … Although half his ships were lost, the venture was profitable. He even met with republicans, and at one time, solicited his involvement in the Portuguese army. …November 1514, he asked King Manuel for a token increase in his pension as a reward. Leitura Nova of Manuel I of Portugal. At the outset of his reign, he released all the Jews who had been made captive during the reign of John II. The so-called Leitura Nova of Manuel I of Portugal is highly, historically important work. His sponsorship of Vasco da Gama led to the Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India in 1498, resulting in the creation of the Portuguese India Armadas, which guaranteed Portugal's monopoly on the spice trade. Manuel converted them into a palace aristocracy, paying pensions to some 5,000 persons. 1500 – The discovery of Brazil by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Manuel and Isabella's young son, Miguel da Paz, was named Prince of Asturias, Prince of Portugal, and Prince of Girona, making him heir apparent of Castile, Portugal, and Aragon until his death in 1500, at the age of two years, ended the ambitions of the Catholic Monarchs and Manuel.[3]. The Indian traffic added enormously to the size and splendour of Manuel’s court. Updates? He was only 16 years old. Address at Sephardic Temple Tifereth Israel, Los Angeles, October 1997, Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India, Guiomar Coutinho, Countess of Marialva and Loulé, "Spain: December 1495 Pages 72-79 Calendar of State Papers, Spain, Volume 1, 1485-1509. During his reign, the following achievements were realized: 1498 – The discovery of a maritime route to India by Vasco da Gama. Manuel defended the entry of Portugal into the First World War and its active participation. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portugal… He died at Lisbon in 1521 and was buried in the Jerónimos monastery. Manõel II reigned as the last king of Portugal, following the assasinations of his father, king Carlos I and his elder brother, Crownprince Luìs Filipe. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The feast day … "500th Anniversary of the Forced Conversion of the Jews of Portugal." In March 1500 Manuel sent Pedro Álvares Cabral with 13 ships to establish trade relations with the Indian princes. Manuel I, byname Manuel The Fortunate, Portuguese Manuel O Afortunado, (born May 31, 1469, Alcochete, Port.—died December 1521, Lisbon), king of Portugal from 1495 to 1521, whose reign was characterized by religious troubles (all Moors and Jews refusing baptism were expelled), by a policy of clever neutrality in the face of quarrels between France and Spain, and by the continuation of overseas expansion, notably to India and Brazil. BIOG111855 Ruler: Manuel I, King of Portugal | Production date 1495-1521 | Production place Minted in: Portugal. He married Isabella of Asturias (1470-1498) October 1497 JL. His relationship with the Portuguese Jews started out well. Originating in the first half of the 16th century, within its 90 pages it contains many different sheets with recordings of legal, geographic, historical, and institutional information on the Kingdom of Portugal. He died two days later, on 13 December 1521, at the age of 52, being succeeded by his son, John III of Portugal, as king. Manuel's mother was the granddaughter of King John I of Portugal, whereas his father was the second surviving son of Edward, King of Portugal and the younger brother of King Afonso V of Portugal. Louis XII of France He went to Spain in 1517. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portugal, as monarch. Manuelhad 11 siblings: Alfonso de Portugal y Luján, John of Viseuand 9 other siblings. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portugal, as monarch. Manuel was no warrior: it was the Duke of Bragança who conquered Azamor in Morocco (1513). By 1513 the Portuguese had reached China. Manuel was industrious, temperate, fond of music and display, and extravagant. The income from Portuguese trade monopolies and colonized lands made Manuel the richest monarch in Europe, allowing him to be one of the great patrons of the Portuguese Renaissance, which produced many significant artistic and literary achievements. Manuel's next wife, Maria of Aragon, was his first wife's younger sister. Manuel’s claims to these newly discovered lands were confirmed by the papacy and recognized by the Spanish, with whom Manuel maintained close relations.